Essay about Sexual Orientation - 1077 Words

Sexual Orientation Sexual orientation is considered highly controversial in our world today. There are many issues that society is faced with concerning homosexuality. When thinking of homosexuality most people refer to the Bible for an answer. There is even more controversy within the Bible’s text. Not only is there reference to the Bible, but also to our mind to answer whether or not homosexuality is a moral issue. Psychological and Biological research is searching for an answer to this illustrious area of confusion. According to Shakuntala Delvi, â€Å"a homosexual experience is any physical arousal a person feels in response to someone of his or her own sex. This can range from just thinking about someone and being aroused to†¦show more content†¦This could be because of how of they were raised and the community they grew up in. The Bible is where a lot of people shape their morals. Homosexuality is condemned in the Old and New Testaments of the Bible. But nowhere in the Bible is h omosexuality singled out as being particularly offensive (Delvi 45). When referring to the Bible about homosexual activity, the story of Sodom and Gomorrah is most referred to. However, none of the references to Sodom and Gomorrah mention homosexuality. â€Å"Luke 10:10, identifies its sin as inhospitality†(Delvi 44).â€Å"The misinterpretation of the Sodom and Gomorrah episode in the Bible is probably one of the supremely ironic paradoxes of history†(Delvi 43). How can someone explain the sexual reference to Sodom and Gomorrah? It is said that the reason is the use of male prostitutes as an attack against Pagan fertility worships (Delvi 42). There are many different interpretations of the Bible. I believe that God originally wrote the Bible, but his supposed disciples wrote it as the way they saw it. This is the way the Lutheran religion looks at the Bible. Another point is that the Bible has been written and translated so many times; how do we know that it has stay ed the way the Lord intended it to be? Of course, since the Bible is the word of God we are not supposed to question it, but it brings on many questions as to whether or not it is the truth. When the New Testament first came about, it wasShow MoreRelatedSexual Orientation, Sexual, And Transgender Orientation957 Words   |  4 Pagesobjects. First, Sexual orientation, sexual identity and gender identity are not the same things. (Carrington, 2015) Sexual Orientation refers to the choice that you like man, woman or both. When we talk about sexual identity, it refers to the biological sex of a person. It is how you see yourself physically. Gender identity is another way referring to the sex role and appearance socially. Secondly, People who have issue with one of these three things may become part of the sexual and gender minorityRead Moresexual orientation1753 Words   |  8 PagesThis essay will look into sexual orientation. This essay will identify and define sexual orientation fo cusing on homosexuality. It will further provide an overview of homosexuality and a summary. I will discuss my initial opinions, attitudes, biases and assumptions about sexual orientation and demonstrate how my awareness of this element of diversity increased throughout the module. I will further address how this awareness will impact my ability to counsel more competently, followed by a conclusionRead MoreSexual Orientation3686 Words   |  15 Pagescategories of sexual orientation, alongside bisexual and heterosexual. The longstanding consensus of the behavioral and social sciences and the health and mental health professions is that homosexuality is an example of normal and positive variation in human sexual orientation. Currently the most common adjectives in use are lesbian for women and gay for men, though gay can refer to either men or women. The American Psychology Association defines sexual orientation in the following way: â€Å"Sexual orientationRead MoreGender Orientat ion And Sexual Orientation1613 Words   |  7 Pagesand lesbians do not choose their sexual orientation, but rather are born with it? There has been extensive research proving that sexual orientation is caused by many biological factors, whereas there is no solid proof that social factors after birth affect sexual orientation (Swaab, 2007, p. 442). Sexual orientation is already programmed into the brain, with the influence of sex hormones and genes, before a child is even born. The development of sexual orientation is caused by sex hormones, genesRead MoreSexual Orientation1220 Words   |  5 PagesOver the years sexual orientation has been an issue in our society. Many people are against homosexuality and bisexuality. Sexual orientation is generally one of three main categories, heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual. Heterosexual is someone who is attracted to members of the opposite sex. A homosexual is someone that is attracted to members of the same sex. And, a bisexual person is one that is attracted to members of both sexes. There are other categories of sexual orientation. Some peopleRead MoreSexual Orientation And Gender Orientation Essay903 Words   |  4 Pagese Henry Paper 4 Sexual orientation The theme that we have been focusing on in class for the past two weeks is sexual orientation. Sexual orientation is more complex than just the gender a person is attracted to. Instead sexual orientation is on more of a spectrum. On one end of the spectrum a person can be solely heterosexual and on the opposite side a person can be completely homosexual. This also means that a person can be bisexual if they identify more in the middle of the spectrum. TheRead MoreThe Sexual Orientation Of Parents993 Words   |  4 Pages The sexual orientation of parents, once having a child, does not negatively affect the development of their children. In order to first be a parent, one must obtain a child. However, in Florida, gay foster parents were not allowed to adopt the children they fostered due to the Gay Adoption Ban (Goldberg). Homosexuals were not legally able to adopt a child at all until the forty year old ban was lifted July, 2015 by Governor Rick Scott (Associated Press). â€Å"Prior to the lifting of the gay adoptionRead MoreThe Psychology Of Sexual Orientations934 Words   |  4 PagesThe Psychology of Sexual Orientations Throughout the history of humans, people have been having sex. It’s obviously necessary for the continuation of humans as a species. But it definitely hasn’t been for just reproductive purposes. People have been engaging in same-gender sex for probably as long as humans have been around. However, the terms we think of today when we think of different sexual orientations didn’t get coined until the 19th and 20th centuries. And with these terms came huge stigmaRead MoreThe Biological Of Sexual Orientation2473 Words   |  10 PagesBiological Correlates of Sexual Orientation Prof. Brett Beston PSY354 University of Toronto at Mississauga Adla Begeta 998184539 Date submitted: Sunday, August 10, 2014 The topic of sexual orientation is both sensitive and controversial. This is evident in events, such as the Pride Parade, and also in media, where authoritative figures preach against it and speak of its â€Å"sinful nature† (Emmanuele, Blanchard, Camperio-Ciani, Bancroft, 2010). Sexual orientation exists in variousRead MoreSexual Orientation Is The Dominant, Or Normal, Sexual, And Gender Orientation Essay2260 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction Sexual orientationism is best described as discrimination or prejudice against homosexuals on the assumption that heterosexuality is the dominant, or normal, sexual orientation. Within society there are many barriers, assumptions, and stigmas placed upon the queer community, numerous of which steam from this heterosexist stance that has become the dominant ideology. This stance has historical significance in trauma, and oppression of those within the sexual minority, and how this can

The Risks Of Emerging Technologies - 2497 Words

Introduction As technology becomes more advanced, a user can experience the benefits of such technology. Some of the many benefits of new technology include better living, less work having to be done for a given task, and the ability to connect with others much faster. However, if the user is not careful, new technology can also harm the user. This article will explain the risks of emerging technologies by looking at three specific examples of emerging technology and the risks associated with them. The technologies that will be discussed are, Smarthomes, RFIDs, and 3-D printers. Smarthomes A Smarthome is a term for the appliances that are found in the home that can be controlled from apps on a smartphone (Smarthome, n.d.). This means that†¦show more content†¦This can lead to a lot of unnecessary clutter on a device and would lead to storage space on devices being wasted on the different apps. Another issue is with the different amount of apps, the best security is to have multiple passwords. This is a problem because having a bunch of different apps on one’s device will mean â€Å"several passwords to keep track of [and] a lot of software to update on a regular basis† (Newman, 2014). The user either has to keep track of multiple passwords and that can cause confusion or the user has one central password which is highly insecure. Another risk of Smarthomes is that there is a single point of failure. This means that since all the appliances are being controlled by the phone, the phone becomes â€Å"a mission-critical piece of equipment in our everyday lives† (Newman, 2014). This means that if a user were to lose their phone, they would lose access to their appliances through the phone. However, the bigger threat is that if a user were to lose their phone, anyone can pick up their phone and have access to their home. In America, research has shown that â€Å"34 percent of all smartphone owners do absolutely nothing, not even a simple code to lock the screen† (Weisbaum, 2014). This would mean that a Smarthome user loses their phone, any random stranger can have access to their home. Finally, the biggest threat is the potential of hackers. This is because if a hacker got into the system, they can control any controlled

Rites of Passage within Colour Free Essays

Introduction In this essay I will be discoursing my personal experience of what Arnold Van Gennep ( 1909 ) has described as â€Å"rites de passage† , concentrating on the liminal stage. This essay will detail my experience of traveling from an all ‘coloured’ community to a bulk ‘black’ suburb and my rites of transition experience of seeking to be ‘black’ . I will besides be discoursing on why I agree and disagree with Van Genneps rites de transition. We will write a custom essay sample on Rites of Passage within Colour or any similar topic only for you Order Now SEPARATION PHASE Separation stage â€Å"comprises symbolic behaviour meaning the withdrawal of the person either from an earlier fixed point in the societal construction, from a set of cultural traditions ( a â€Å"state† ) , or from both ( Turner, 1969, p. 94 ) . I was born on November 1, 1993 in East London, EC. I lived with my household in Buffalo Flats, EL for the first six old ages of my life, at the clip and today, it is still a predominately colored township. Turning up in that township for six old ages I, along with every other individual populating in that community is what South African society would depict and hold as ‘coloured’ . I would speak ‘coloured’ , walk ‘coloured’ , act ‘coloured’ , fight ‘coloured’ and believe it or non, somehow I would even run ‘coloured’ , or at least every bit ‘coloured’ as the stereotypes myself and my community had been placed in. At the age of six I moved from my beloved Buffalo Flats, EL to what I at the clip considered the center of nowhere, Midrand, GP. This, as Turner put it, was my separation stage. Midrand was a assorted suburb, many Whites, many inkinesss, rather a few Indians and a smattering of coloureds, or at least that was what I saw. I was taken off from my place, detached from it, separated from my household and friends and thrown into this whole new universe which led to my â€Å"liminal phase† . LIMINAL PHASE Liminal period is when â€Å"the features of the ritual topic ( the â€Å"passenger† ) are equivocal ; he passes through a cultural kingdom that has few or none of the properties of the past or coming state† ( Turner, 1969, p. 94 ) . This was the period in which I yearned to be ‘black’ , I prayed to be ‘black’ and after a subconscious and unstructured induction, I learnt how to be ‘black’ . I attended a assorted school, bulk black, but still a assorted school where I was one of two ‘pure’ coloured male childs in my class, the other named Michael Williams. The two of us along with a Chinese male child named Jacky Mo, made up my ‘communitas’ ( Turner, 1969 ) . We were all in the same phase of our lives, we were detached from the society we one time knew, for myself it was Buffalo Flats, for Michael it was the Cape Flats and for Jacky it was China, and we were all thrown into Midrand, and all three of us were in an unstructured and subconscious induction to be ‘black’ . We were all stripped of our race, were no longer coloured or Chinese, nor were we black, we were merely at that place. In between what we were and what we were endeavoring to be, being black wasn’t merely a race or civilization to us, it was a societal standing to be ‘cool’ , and we knew being non-black yet black, would be the highest award amongst our black friends and couples. During this unstructured induction phase our black friends became our somewhat â€Å"ritual elders† ( McNeill, 2011, p. 74 ) . They were learning us how to be black, what to make, how to make it and when to make it. Myself and Jacky lived in the same composite with a male child named Siyabonga Mlaba, who would subconsciously take up the function of being our ‘ritual elder’ . Traveling through this liminal period populating so near to one another made us really competitory for the blessing and regard of our ‘ritual elder’ . The same manner the ritual seniors punished the novices for singing about AIDS ( McNeill, 2011 ) , if we had disrespected or misunderstood any facet of ‘black’ civilization, we were besides punished, non in the same physical mode but with verbal maltreatment and humiliation to a point of feeling disdained. These ‘punishments’ were difficult to accept and understand, but it made me more hungry and eager to s uit in the group I was being initiated into. There were many symbols in my liminal period, one of the chief 1s being the manner I talked. The speech pattern, the words and the actions I used when I spoke were major symbols. I couldn’t merely talk with my normal ‘coloured’ speech pattern, I had to try to talk with the same speech pattern of my ‘black’ friends, use the same words and slang when I spoke. I couldn’t use the conversational ‘coloured’ recognizing â€Å"Awe my Broe! † , I had to utilize the ‘black’ township recognizing â€Å"Sho Mfede† . Around this clip as I easy incorporated African linguistic communications in my address, I began floating from my roots of speech production Afrikaans, easy I bit by bit stopped utilizing it until finally I ne’er spoke Afrikaans, unless in Afrikaans category. Other symbols were dress codification. For some uneven ground the ‘Tsotsi’ or ‘gangster’ image was one the young per son would gravitate to, and that’s the expression I wore proudly as a minor. All stars, faded denim and ever a beany worn half off or a popular cap called a â€Å"sportie† worn with a joust. This was all of import. The manner I ate was of import, I had to eat pablum and vleis with my manus, no spoon or fork was of all time required, and I felt more ‘black’ than of all time. As this induction took topographic point, the more it dragged on and the closer I got to my end as adjustment in as ‘black’ , the more I drifted off from my ain civilization and heritage, subconsciously I was denying who my community raised me to be. The more ‘black’ I was, the less ‘coloured’ I was. I looked at being ‘black’ or being a portion of ‘black’ civilization as a societal standing and non as something sacred and to be proud of. The sarcasm was that I viewed my ‘coloured’ civilization and people to be violent, yet I used force to seek and be ‘black’ . Contending was a symbol or portion of the ritual as anything else. ‘Black’ people were strong, and the manner we proved our strength was through these battles, the conflict of the better adult male. A circle would organize and one of the older ‘black’ childs would take one of us younger novices to contend each ot her or another member of the group. If the battle was won, the embracing would be like winning a war, or a football lucifer. But the also-ran will be made merriment of and humiliated, but after every battle a compulsory handshaking would take topographic point as a mark of regard and that it was non personal. I was grade three when my liminal period ended, a battle with a male child named Tebogo, a much bigger male child. He beat me down infinite times in that battle, but I won regard and my rubric of being black by ne’er giving up. So after three long old ages of subconscious induction I eventually made my manner out of the liminal period and was reincorporated to my societal group as longer a ‘coloured’ or novice, but as ‘black’ . But this is where I do non to the full agree with the theory of rites of transition. I the reincorporation stage does non really round up rites of transition, but really starts a new rhythm, do although now I’m ‘black’ , I have to once once more go through a liminal period and induction to turn out that I am worthy being a ‘Hip Hop Head’ . The group in which I spent as an novice for three old ages and eventually got accepted as one of their ain had another societal construction I had to be initiated into, taken back to a liminal stage whereby I was non what I was and non what I was going, but in between that. Take for illustration the school calling of an person. One gets separated from place, sent to school for 12 old ages ( liminal period ) and so reincorporated to the universe one time graduated high school. Yet the reincorporation of graduation is the separation stage for university, so the old ages analyzing at university is the liminal period an d graduating university is one time once more reincorporation. But that one time once more can be the separation stage in happening a occupation, where being unemployed is the liminal stage and acquiring a occupation is the reincorporation stage yet the separation stage for 1s calling and so on and so forth. Decision I agree and disagree on rites of transition, the separation stage and liminal period seem really solid, but the reaggregation/reincorporation stage can besides be seen as the separation stage for the new rhythm of rites of transition. How to cite Rites of Passage within Colour, Essay examples

Gay Marriage Essay Example For Students

Gay Marriage Essay Homosexuals should be allowed to marry because the disallowance of it violates their constitutional rights. Marriage is an institution long recognized by our government under the right to pursue happiness, and denying that right to any couple, regardless of gender, is unconstitutional. This argument, though, is not disputed. In fact, none of the arguments raised in opposition to the allowance of homosexual marriages takes into account the constitutional rights afforded to all humans. The arguments are only in relation to the possible repercussions (real or imagined) of granting these rights. Our nation was built and has always been based on the fundamental principles of freedom expressed in the Declaration of Independence and through our Constitution. The opponents of homosexual marriage need to remember what freedom means to America, and understand the significance of setting a precedent that denies that freedom. The Supreme Court has long recognized that the institution of marriage is one of the rights guaranteed to all Americans by our Constitution. Banning same-sex marriage is discriminatory. Marriage is a basic human right and should not be denied to any individual. At various times in U. S. history, other minorities have been prevented from marrying: African-Americans, for example. Interracial marriage was also legally prohibited in various states, until the Supreme Court ruled such bans unconstitutional in 1967 (Should Gay 31). At this time, however, marriage is only granted to heterosexual couples. Although homosexuals live under the same constitution, they are not afforded the same rights as heterosexuals. The reasons presented against the allowance of homosexual marriage are flimsy, and have nothing to do with the constitutional rights that are supposed to be afforded every American. All of the arguments against homosexual marriages have to do with the repercussions of granting the constitutional right of marriage to homosexuals, but not with the constitutional rights of homosexuals. The arguments offered are remarkably similar to the arguments offered 30 years ago against interracial marriages. Marriage plays an important role not only in peoples experience of daily living but also in our cultures received ideals. Marriage viewed as a cultural ideal is one way to explain the strength of the backlash against Gay Marriage Essay. Legally married heterosexuals would not lose any legal right or material benefit if gays were allowed to get legally married (Mohr 22). Then why the fuss? There is no moral reason to support civil unions and not same- sex marriage unless one believes that admitting homosexuals would weaken a vital civil institution. This was the underlying argument for the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), which implied that allowing homosexuals to marry constituted an attack on the existing institution. The DOMA basically concludes that homosexuals are inherently depraved and immoral, allowing them to marry would inevitably spoil, and defame, the institution of marriage (Sullivan State 18). This claim strays from the realm of traditional social policy enters the realm of cultural symbols. But symbols matter: it is chiefly in terms of symbols that people define their lives and have identities. Marriage viewed as a symbolic event, enacts, institutionalizes, and ritualizes the social meaning of heterosexuality. Part of the attraction of marriage for some heterosexuals, is that it confers status. One of the ways it does this is by distinguishing such people from homosexuals. If you remove that cultural status, you further weaken an already beleaguered institution (Sullivan State 18). Marriage is the chief means by which culture maintains heterosexuality as a social identity, and is the social essence of heterosexuality. In consequence, on the plane of symbols and identities, if one did not get married, one wouldnt be fully heterosexual. Using the same argument, if others were allowed to get married, one wouldnt be heterosexual either (Mohr 22). This analysis explains why our government can claim that marriage by definition is the union of one man and one woman as husband and wife, even though this definition is circular, lacks any content, and defines nothing. Fetal tissue transplants Essay This is a large amount of rights that are being taken away from these homosexual couples. Consider these three examples of how the civil rights of homosexuals are violated. First, homosexuals and their spouses are denied the right to claim the estate of their spouses if there is no will present when one of the partners dies. In heterosexual marriages, spouses are entitled to at least a portion of the spouses estate unless the spouses will explicitly states otherwise. This is not necessarily the rule for people who are together, but not legally married. Since homosexual couples .

Analysis Of Canadian Business Environment free essay sample

Foreign investment is very important for an economy. In Canada, for foreign investment there is a need to take the approval by the federal government. When the foreign investment increases, it will result into better economy. Canada provides various loans and subsidies to business farmers. The (CALA) Canadian Agriculture Loan Act program is made whose main motive is to provide finance to farmers and agricultural Co-operatives. Farmers can use these loans (a) Establish (b) Improve (c) Development. Economic EnvironmentEconomy of Canada considers some main points. First is the gross domestic product .i.e. $1.640 (2017) (2) and its rank is 10th nominal (2), unemployment rate 5.7 (3), GDP per capita income $44. 773 (2). Canada exports various things .i.e. Motor vehicle, Plastics, Fibers, Wood pulp, Timber .i.e. 390.1 (4) and their partners are United States (76.2%), China (4.1%), EU (7.7%) (4) And imports are oil, chemicals, Electricity, Durable consumer goods .i.e. 416.6 (4). Public debt 98.2% GDP (2017) (5)Social EnvironmentDifferent person have different values, women cultures. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis Of Canadian Business Environment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They Purchase things acc to their tradition or custom. It is very important to make the things according to customer preference. A particular clothing store in which only traditional clothes are available, these are not suitable for western people but more suitable for Indian people because of cultural factors various market segment are available on which stress is given i. e. Mass marketing [one which marketing strategy to appeal to a broad range of consumer] E.g. – Wall mart. Market Segmentation (division of large market into smaller homogeneous market on the basis of common needs).Technological EnvironmentTechnology is one of the important factors that make Canada a successful country. Various inventions were founded by the National research council of Canada (NRCC). Computing and AnimationKey frame animation was co-invented by Nestor Burtnyk at the NRC in the 1970 (6).The UNO dicycle was invented by Ben Gulag while stats a teenage in 2006. (7)There are many technological companies i.e. Stack adopt Toronto, Top Hat, Pyrowave Montreal for making important in technology. Lot of expenditure is needed in the research development. In Canada, the issue of net neutrality is not as politically partition. The CRTC is an administrative treatment of the govt. various unreal policies are formed to the internet regulation in year 2017 budget.Legal EnvironmentLegal system means rules, regulations and laws which a person has to follow. Legal system means the laws which or written, which or written, organized unforced and interpreted various imp laws are criminal law, federal law, provincial law, copyright law. The Supreme Court of Canada in the court of Canada and in the final court of appeal for doing any business there are some restrictions same is there in Canada various factors like taxation, copyright, trademarks, protecting and consumer protection are the main. Most important is the Canadian Intellectual property law i.e. government by both provincial and federal prediction.Above is the main factor which effect the Canadian economy and it is very important to study this factors.Template: http://elections.ca/content.aspxSection = poll dir = par document = index languageInternational Monetary Fund Report for selected countries and subjects: Canada Retrieved Oct 1, 2017.Statistic Canada: Canadas unemployment rate statcan.gc. ca Retrieved 2017-08-19.Canada –WTO Statistic Database. World Trade Organization. Retrieved 1 March 2017.Public Department of Canada CIA World Fact book 2017. Retrieved 10 July 2017.Retired NRC scientist Burtnyk honored as father of computer animation technology in Canada 1996. Ottawa citizen (23, Aug, 1950). Callow bus had a hydraulic ramp.

Students Learning Disabilities

Students Learning Disabilities Introduction Students with various learning disabilities should get best support in order to achieve their educational goals. Teachers and parents should use different strategies in order to empower every disabled learner. One of the common learning disabilities is speech impairment.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Students Learning Disabilities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This kind of disability affects the learner’s ability to read, communicate, interact, talk, and associate with others. Speech impairment is usually subdivided into three types. These disorders include â€Å"articulation, voice, and fluency† (Sileo Prater, 2011, p. 38). Articulation disorders are usually associated with omissions, distortions, and substitutions. Such aspects make it impossible for many disabled learners to acquire their educational goals. Supporting the Learning Needs of a Student with Speech Impairment Acco rding to Godwin-Jones (2009, p. 5), â€Å"collaboration of a powerful team is critical when educating different children with learning disabilities†. The â€Å"multi-disciplinary team should include teachers, pathologists, parents, and special trainers† (Godwin-Jones, 2009, p. 7). This discussion encourages parents and guardians to be part of such teams. This approach will ensure every targeted learner acquires the best goals. The power of assistive technologies can never be underestimated. A wide range of assistive technologies can make it easier for many learners to achieve their potentials. Such assistive technologies should be used depending on the educational needs of every learner. Different software packages will make it easier for learners with speech impairments to improve their language skills. A good example of these computer software programs is called First Words. This program presents the required graphic representations. The software also synthesizes spe ech in order to teach different nouns. The software amplifies the sounds of different words. The software package makes it easier for every learner to achieve his or her educational goals.Advertising Looking for coursework on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The student will be able to pronounce various words correctly. Teachers should equip their learners with the best hearing devices. The approach will â€Å"ensure the targeted student hears every sound much better† (Gorman, 2004, p. 36). The application will â€Å"ensure the targeted learner does not omit, distort, or substitute various words† (Godwin-Jones, 2009, p. 8). The above software can also be used to predict new words. Teachers can use effective software packages to ensure the targeted learners acquire new vocabularies. Some accessibility features will support the learning objectives of many disabled students. The use of non-electr onic materials can also support the needs of learners with various speech impairments (Sileo Prater, 2011). This technology is known as Augmentative or Alternative Communication (ACC). This assistive technology uses appropriate symbols and techniques to support the needs of different learners. Teachers can â€Å"use both electronic and manual boards to improve the communication skills of students with impaired motor skills† (Godwin-Jones, 2009, p. 8). These technologies will support the needs of many learners. The disabled learners will eventually find it easier to express their ideas. Teachers can use spelling boards because they present different phrases and words. Speech impaired learners can use such boards to communicate with their parents. These technologies will ensure every learning process is successful. Conclusion Assistive technologies make it easier for educators to teach different learners with disabilities. Parents should also use such assistive technologies to empower their children. It is notable that such assistive technologies can support the needs of many students (Sileo Prater, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Students Learning Disabilities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Different â€Å"accessibility features of computers will support every learner with speech impairment† (Godwin-Jones, 2009, p. 9). Reference List Godwin-Jones, R. (2009). Emerging Technologies Speech Tools and Technologies. Language Learning Technology, 13(3), 4-11. Gorman, J. (2004). Working With Challenging Parents of Students with Special Needs. New York, NY: Corwin. Sileo, N., Prater, M. (2011). Working with Families of Children with Special Needs. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.

Microprocessor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Microprocessor - Essay Example The 80286 contains a total of fourteen registers that are of interest to the application programmer. These registers may be grouped into four basic categories: General registers. These eight 16-bit general-purpose registers are used primarily to contain operands for arithmetic and logical operations. Segment registers. These four special-purpose registers determine, at any given time, which segments of memory are currently addressable. Status and Control registers. These three special-purpose registers are used to record and alter certain aspects of the 80286 processor state. For descriptive purposes, the 80286 instruction set is partitioned into three distinct subsets: the Basic Instruction Set, the Extended Instruction Set, and the System Control Instruction Set. The "hierarchy" of instruction sets defined by this partitioning helps to clarify the relationships between the various processors in the 8086 family . Five of the general- purpose registers are available for offset addres s calculations. These five registers, shown in figure 2-4, are SP, BP, BX, SI, and DI. SP is called a pointer register; BP and BX are called base registers; SI and DI are called index registers. The Basic Instruction Set, comprises the common subset of instructions found on all processors of the 8086 family. Included are instructions for logical and arithmetic operations, data movement, input/output, string manipulation, and transfer of control.... address lines, giving these processors one megabyte of addressability (2^20 = 1MB). The 80286, with its 24 address lines, gives 16 megabytes of addressability (2^24 = 16 MB). The 286 was designed to run multitasking applications, including communications (such as automated PBXs), real-time process control, and multi-user systems. The 80286 contains a total of fourteen registers that are of interest to the application programmer. These registers may be grouped into four basic categories: General registers. These eight 16-bit general-purpose registers are used primarily to contain operands for arithmetic and logical operations. Segment registers. These four special-purpose registers determine, at any given time, which segments of memory are currently addressable. Status and Control registers. These three special-purpose registers are used to record and alter certain aspects of the 80286 processor state. For descriptive purposes, the 80286 instruction set is partitioned into three distinct subsets: the Basic Instruction Set, the Extended Instruction Set, and the System Control Instruction Set. The "hierarchy" of instruction sets defined by this partitioning helps to clarify the relationships between the various processors in the 8086 family . Five of the general- purpose registers are available for offset address calculations. These five registers, shown in figure 2-4, are SP, BP, BX, SI, and DI. SP is called a pointer register; BP and BX are called base registers; SI and DI are called index registers. The Basic Instruction Set, comprises the common subset of instructions found on all processors of the 8086 family. Included are instructions for logical and arithmetic operations, data movement, input/output, string manipulation, and

Health epidemiology & statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Health epidemiology & statistics - Essay Example n the course of analysis, the researchers can see whether the variables in a given site have less absenteeism as well as lower health costs as compared to non-wellness sites (Stotmeyer. Et. Al 2010). The outcomes are restricted based on the co-relational study nature. While the study focuses on pre-existing groups, there are other differences within the groups above the absence or presence of a dependent variable. For instance, the programs are significantly newer and more attractive building for purposes of managing elements from a given program site. The ultimate research technique decision is made based on a compromise between the sites due to presence and absence of dependent and independent variables. The study specifies the research question through a well-stated objective. The study reports on the hypothesis. The hypothesis in the research study is directional and complex. The study progresses to test the hypothesis through stipulated parameters. One of the major challenges of the process is foreign elements hindering success in the sampling process. Elements that are not included in the article’s population and samples are seen on the sampling list. If the authors were to apply population records in creating a comprehensive list of participants experiencing the conditions, the health care professionals would qualify as foreign elements (Stotmeyer. Et. Al 2010). In such case, the report decoding could miss various elements. Further, duplicates are a representation of other research sampling problem. Such elements appear several times within the sampling frames. For instance, if researchers study patient satisfaction based on emergency room care giving, the authors may in clude various patients based on various studies. If patients complete patient satisfaction questionnaires, the authors should ensure that they have increased awareness that the completed questionnaires should not be redone. Where the questionnaires are completed more than twice, the second

Fundamental International Relation Theory Issues Essay

Fundamental International Relation Theory Issues - Essay Example Class, in these terms, is the way economic power is distributed when economic activity is organized in an instrumentally-rational manner to the greatest degree. The problem of exploitation the extraction of labor effort from workers are treated, in this framework, primarily as a problem of technical efficiency and economic rationality in creating work incentives and effective discipline. This leads to a relatively impoverished conception of the nature of antagonistic interests generated by class relations. Key readings from Marx ("The Communist Manifesto" and "On Classes") help us understand the sociological analyses of inequality in the concepts of social class, exploitation, surplus value, markets, status, and power. (Dell, 227-9) The importance of production relations in Marxian theory with beliefs that the economic exchange is a positive-sum game and its emphasis on market relations could be a key prospect in understanding the basic or fundamental influence on modern European society. It could well be suggested that both property and market dynamics are important by relating each to the concepts of class composition. The basic concept may be incorporated into positive-sum game's emphasis on social closure to more clearly differentiate social classes which could develop into a model of the class structure, usefully differentiates relational and gradational conceptualizations of social class, and re-visits some key differences between Marxian and positive-sum game theory. But the end goal being the evaluation of Marxian and positive-sum game theory in the perspective of the modern society it could be well punctuated that the basic relevance of these perceptions are present even today but not necessarily in a visible manner. The insights of Marx and positive-sum game remain integral to sociological analyses of inequality even as more recent scholarship has promoted more contextual, and some would say more nuanced, models. (Fletcher, 63)Â  

Analysis of Gordon Browns Leadership

Analysis of Gordon Browns Leadership Gordon Brown with his ‘government of all the talents’ and his promise to listen suggests he prefers a Cabinet form of Government over Prime Ministerial Government. What has been his record to date in exercising his prime ministerial powers? Illustrate with reference to the practice of the past three Prime Ministers and decide whether it is a positive or negative development. Introduction Upon becoming Prime Minister in June 2007, Gordon Brown gave strong indications that he would change the political culture in Britain. Among those promises, he pledged to govern with a â€Å"government of all the talents†, seeking consultation and advice from outside the traditional Labour Party sources. (BBC, 2007) Since then, the Prime Minister has also stated his preference for a more cabinet form of Government as opposed to a strong Prime Ministerial Government common in the Blair and Thatcher periods. (Rentoul, p552) Does Gordon Brown’s record show a preference for consultation, has Parliament been given more power in the running of Government or has Gordon Brown reverted to the strong autocratic style of leadership that he was often accused of during his time as Chancellor? This essay will examine Gordon Brown’s short reign as Prime Minister, looking closely at his use of Prime Ministerial powers in Government. The work will explore the extent to which the present Labour Cabinet has strong influence over decisions and policies, and whether Gordon Brown has strengthened Parliament by transferring some of the traditional Prime Ministerial powers to the legislature. In order to judge Gordon Brown’s record, it is necessary to compare the actions and records of the previous three UK Prime Ministers, Tony Blair, John Major and Margaret Thatcher. Each Prime Minister differed in their use of Prime Ministerial powers, influenced by the political situation and their own style and personality. By giving strong examples of cabinet or Prime Ministerial Government we may better understand their meaning, as well as better judging Gordon Brown’s record and style of Government. Finally we shall attempt to conclude whether Gordon Brown has brought ab out a more Cabinet form of Government, and if so, judge if this has been a positive or negative development for Government and the Country. Chapter One In Gordon Brown’s first address to the House of Commons as Prime Minister, he indicated that his Premiership was one that would increase the power of Parliament in such vital areas as declaring war, signing International treaties and approving public appointments. This was part of his plan to devolve power, which included proposals to start de-centralising power across the UK, allowing UK citizens and councils more influence in Government. The Prime Minister has in many ways delivered on some of his promises to rule with a â€Å"government of all the talents† appointing Labour outsiders such as Sir Digby Jones and setting up the National Economic Council. (Bagehot, 2008) These actions however, do not necessarily mean that Gordon Brown has brought in a new period of cabinet Government however. Cabinet Government refers to the UK Prime Minister ruling in conjunction with his or her Cabinet, sharing responsibility and power but remaining first among equals. Prime Ministeri al Government refers to the Prime Minister dominating the executive, making all the major policy decisions without always consulting with or taking the advice of the Cabinet. (Jones, 2005, p.27) Does Gordon Brown’s record suggest that he rules in co-operation with his Cabinet or does he make the major decisions without their contribution? The first few months of the Brown era were a relative success for the Government. The change of leader helped Labour recover public support, and Gordon Brown gave a successful image as a strong and experienced leader. Policies were put forward to restore Cabinet Government, the party was united and the PM appears to have consulted the Cabinet whilst remaining firmly in control. This was a change from the Blair period of Government, in which a strong Prime Ministerial form of Leadership existed, with outside unelected advisors exercising more power and influence on the PM than the elected Cabinet members. (Rentoul, 2001, p.536) Although the strong leadership of Blair and the unity of the party had been in many ways responsible for their electoral success, Blair’s weakening of Cabinet power and autocratic leadership led Britain into an unpopular and, for the Labour parties’ popularity, disastrous war in Iraq. Gordon Brown entered office with the promise of restoring Cabinets importance, and lessening the influence of outsiders such as Alistair Campbell, who during the Blair years appeared to be the real deputy Leader, rather than the elected John Prescott. (Stephens, 2004, p.180) Brown then, seemed to be promoting a style of Government personified by John Major. During Majors time as PM Cabinet meetings were transformed from meetings where Mrs Thatcher would inform the cabinet of her policies and demand obedience into genuine forums for debate and deliberation. Important issues were discussed, free debate was encouraged and arguments were common. This was extremely popular within Government, as suggested in Dick Leonards â€Å"A Century of Premiers†. â€Å"Major has restored Cabinet Government† (Leonard, 2005, p.333) In the first few months, Gordon Brown did successfully lead in a Cabinet style of Government. The aftermath and response to several failed terrorist attacks were handled by Cabinet figures such as Jacqui Smith, who liaised with the public and the Muslim Community. In both the crisis with Northern Rock and the flooding in rural areas Brown employed the full talents of his Ministers rather than attempting to micromanage every situation. (Freedland, 2007) Brown was popular with both the party and the public; it seemed that the return of Cabinet Government was beneficial for the Government and the Nation. In many ways Major and Brown inherited the Leadership under similar situations. Neither man had the commanding Parliamentary majority of Thatcher or Blair at their peak, and had to by necessity rely more on the support of their Cabinet. (Foley, 2002, p.33) Like Major, Brown has also had to deal with a resurgent opposition which for the first time in years appears to be ahead in the polls. This led to Brown’s first major crisis; in September and October 2007 Brown hinted that he would call an election to fully legitimise his Leadership, as he did not face a leadership election to become Prime Minister. However Brown decided not to go ahead with an election, with many suggesting that he was worried by the Tories lead in the opinion polls. (Robinson, 2007) From this point on Brown became steadily less popular with the Country and the party, as subsequent crises and Browns apparent lack of charisma and leadership chipping away at support for the Government. Despite this however, many would suggest that this has not caused Gordon Brown to abandon Cabinet Government. On the contrary, Gordon Brown has continued to consult and debate with his Cabinet on the major issues, allowing such figures as David Milliband and Jacqui Smith to emerge as possible future leaders of the Labour Party. Although Gordon Brown has consulted with many outside forces and attempted to build a more consensual form of British politics, even offering Paddy Ashdown a position in Government, (Woodward, 2007) this has not led to the marginalisation of the Cabinet. Margaret Thatcher’s preference for unelected advisors, such as Sir Alan Walters, over Cabinet Members helped bring about her downfall, making her believe she was infallible and isolating potentially loyal Ministers, as suggested by Leonard. â€Å"She acted as a virtual dictator, reducing the role of the Cabinet to that of a supporters club†. (Leonard, 2005, p.313) It did however, give Thatcher t he image of a strong Leader, one that could make important decisions decisively without having to consult or procrastinate. Unfortunately some of the decisions she made without consulting the Cabinet, such as the poll tax were disastrous for her and the Tory Party. Tony Blair did not marginalise or reduce his Cabinet to such a lowly level; however he did, as we have mentioned, surround himself with an inner circle of advisors, many of them outsiders like Alistair Campbell, and relied more heavily on their advice than that of his Cabinet. His style of leadership was also similar to Thatcher’s in that he tried to dominate and manage every important situation, with the notable exception of those issues that came under his Chancellors office. (Rentoul, 2001, p.249) Although the most successful Labour leader in history, Blair’s decisions and style of leadership were ultimately responsible for his clearly begrudging resignation. Despite following a more Cabinet orientated approach to Government, Gordon Brown has found that this does not necessarily guarantee loyalty during difficult times. There have been widespread rumours about a possible leadership challenge, with many Labour MPs talking to the press about their desire to see Gordon Brown step down. By giving his Cabinet power and responsibility Gordon Brown has allowed some of the bigger personalities, such as Milliband, to grow in status, so much so that many Labour MPs considered him a possible replacement. Chapter Two In our previous chapter we presented the argument that Gordon Brown has brought back a more Cabinet orientated form of Government. In Chapter two we will look at ways in which Gordon Brown has in fact maintained a Prime Ministerial form of Leadership, along with the negative consequences this has brought about. We will also attempt to evaluate Gordon Brown’s record, and come to a conclusion whether it has been a positive or negative development in relation to the three previous Prime Ministers reigns. At the beginning of Brown’s premiership, the Prime Minister made pledges to bring about more Parliamentary powers and increase executive accountability, a clear reference to Tony Blair’s decision to launch an unpopular war. (Stephens, 2005, p239) However so far, these pledges have remained in the formation stage. The Premier still retains ultimate authority on issues of national security, international treaties and appointments. Perhaps in the future these pledges will be passed in Parliament, however till that day the Prime Minister will retain a large degree of executive control. Since Brown has been in office little legislation actually transferring power away from the Executive has passed through Parliament. In many respects Brown has pushed through his own agenda, bypassing the reservations or objections of his Cabinet, as well as ruthlessly disposing of any Ministers that have dared to challenge his authority. (Bagehot, 2008) The ten pence tax rate cut was widely criticised by the media and opposition, and eventually forced the Government to backtrack. It was introduced in the 2007 budget by Brown, who insisted on implementing it despite the fact that it hit those on low incomes, natural Labour supporters. This disaster was a direct result of Gordon Brown forcing an unpopular policy into being despite the opposition of many in the Party. Despite the large size of the Cabinet, the Prime Minister has ensured that those in the top jobs are those with a proven track record for loyally supporting Brown throughout his years as Chancellor. Those supporters or suspected supporters of Tony Blair have largely been marginalised, not allowed near the more important Ministerial positions. Those Ministers who have resisted his policies or have spoken for the need of a new leader have been dropped for more loyal, pliant personnel. (Helm, 2008)) In the most important sphere of influence, the economy, the Chancellor Alistair Darling appears to operate with far less independence and power than Brown did under Blair, indeed although we may say that Tony Blair operated a â€Å"Presidential† style of Leadership, he went out of his way to appease his Chancellor. Gordon Brown does not have any figure powerful or independent enough to build a sphere of influence within Government as Brown did previously. (Leonard, 2005, p355-358) Reg ardless of the press and several Labour MPs promotion of David Milliband, Brown remains without peer in terms of gravitas, influence and experience within the party. Despite his smaller majority, Brown has also shown that he is able to force unpopular legislation through Parliamentary and Cabinet opposition, most notably in the case of the 42 day detention issue. The intense opposition in his Party, with alleged deals being made to get the bill passed, along with opposition condemnation suggests that Gordon Brown was not concerned with giving Parliament new powers related to national security. In relation to Iraq although some British troops have been pulled out of the Country, British troops remain in both Iraq and Afghanistan, again despite the opposition of many in the party. That there is no opposition in the Cabinet is perhaps testament to the loyalty of those Gordon Brown has chosen, rather than there being complete unity. Developments in the Brown Government: Positive or Negative? In the last Chapter we have demonstrated that the Brown Leadership is not yet a perfect example of Cabinet Government. The Cabinet consists mainly of Brown loyalists, the Prime Minister has forced through many unpopular policies and as of yet has failed to deliver the legislation that would make a Cabinet Government a long term possibility. However despite these criticisms Gordon Brown has run a more Cabinet Government than either Tony Blair or Margaret Thatcher. It will be difficult for the Prime Minister to backtrack on legislation that will give more power to Parliament, and he has demonstrated in many of the crises that he is willing to share power and responsibility with the more senior Cabinet members. The large size and broad range of the Cabinet also suggests that Brown is less likely to rely on a small clique of outsiders for advice, as did Thatcher and Blair. In recent months Brown has also shown that he is willing to accept Blair loyalists into the Cabinet, as we have seen with the appointment of Peter Mandelson. (Sparrow, 2008) It is the opinion of this essay that despite the serious problems of the Labour Party this has been a positive development. Although there has been limited use of the talents of opposition party personnel, a Government of all the talents has the potential to change the confrontational, winner takes all style of British Politics. In a time of severe economic crisis there is a need to take advantage of all available talent and ability. History has shown that although a strong Prime Ministerial Government can be initially popular, if the Leader believes it is unnecessary to consult with their Cabinet then they can make serious errors of judgement. If Margaret Thatcher had listened to her Cabinet perhaps there would have been no poll tax, nor would relations with Europe be so damaged by Thatcher’s strident anti European speeches. (Riddell, 1991, pp.184-187) Ultimately though, a more Cabinet form of Government means a more democratic, accountable Government, one that is more likely to grant Parliament a greater role in the more important aspects of Government. A larger Cabinet made up of representatives from across the board is also more representative of the nation itself. If ideas and policies can be discussed, deliberated and argued out by a professional, representative and broad Cabinet then perhaps there will be less chance of the Government enacting policies that are popular and logical only to the Prime Minister and a close circle of unrepresentative outsiders. Conclusion This essay has demonstrated that since taking office Gordon Brown has led a Cabinet Government similar to that of John Major, rather than the more Prime Ministerial approach of both Margaret Thatcher and Tony Blair. The essay has also shown that Brown’s leadership style does still contain elements of the Prime Ministerial form of Government, especially in regards to forcing through unpopular pet projects originating from when Brown was Chancellor. However, despite his reputation as a â€Å"Stalinist† leader Brown has shown surprising flexibility, an ability to consult with those outside the traditional Labour party sphere as well as demonstrating trust in the more senior members of his Cabinet. If Brown remains Prime Minister for the foreseeable future then we are likely to see legislation that will strengthen both Cabinet Government and Parliament itself. In the new economic climate and looming recession these policies might herald a new age of not only Cabinet Government, but a more consensual and cross party form of British Politics. The emergence of a Cabinet Government is undoubtedly then a positive sign for the future. Bibliography Foley, Michael â€Å"John Major, Tony Blair and a Conflict of leadership: Collision Course† (Manchester University Press, Manchester and New York, 2002) Jones, Bill â€Å"Politics UK† (Harlow, Pearson, Longman, London, 2006) Leonard, Dick â€Å"A Century of Premiers: From Salisbury to Blair† (Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, 2005) Rentoul, John â€Å"Tony Blair: Prime Minister† (Time Warner, London, 2001) Riddell, Peter â€Å"The Thatcher Era and its Legacy† (Blackwell, Oxford UK and Cambridge USA, 1991) Stephens, Philip â€Å"Tony Blair: The making of a World Leader† (Viking, New York, 2004) Newspapers Bagehot â€Å"Gordon Brown’s Recovery: A War on two Fronts† Economist, 9/10/2008, p.27 Helm, Toby â€Å"Left Winger Cruddas in Think Tank challenge† Guardian, 12/10/2008 Freedland, Jonathan – â€Å"Who is Gordon Brown?† The New York Review of Books, Volume 54, Number 16, October 25 2007. Sparrow, Andrew â€Å"Gordon Brown defends decision to bring Peter Mandelson back into government† Guardian, 03/10/2008 Woodward, Will â€Å"Ashdown turns down job in Brown cabinet† Guardian, 21/06/2007, p2 Internet Brown is UK’s New Prime Minister – BBC News – 27/06/2007, accessed 06/11/2008 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/6245682.stm Robinson, Nick â€Å"Brown rules out Autumn Election† BBC News – 06/10/2007, accessed 06/11/2008 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7031749.stm

Persepolis: Changing Western Perceptions of Muslim Women Essay

Marjane Satrapi’s graphic novel, Persepolis, makes important strides toward altering how Western audiences perceive Iranian women. Satrapi endeavors to display the intersection of the lives of some Westerners with her life as an Iranian, who spent some time in the West. Satrapi, dissatisfied with representations she saw of Iranian women in France, decided to challenge them. In her words, â€Å"From the time I came to France in 1994, I was always telling stories about life in Iran to my friends. We’d see pieces about Iran on television, but they didn’t represent my experience at all. I had to keep saying, ‘No, it’s not like that there.’ I’ve been justifying why it isn’t negative to be an Iranian for almost twenty years. How strange when it isn’t something I did or chose to be?† (Satrapi, â€Å"Why I Wrote Persepolis† 10). In acknowledging both Eastern and Western feminism, Satrapi’s novel humanizes the female Iranian perspective in a way that can easily digested by Western audiences. This novel acts as an autoethnographic text, a term coined by Mary Louise Pratt, in which Persepolis acts as â€Å"a text in which people undertake to describe themselves in ways that engage with representations others have made of them† (Pratt 35). This novel, which depicts her life so far, demonstrates a mastery of the spaces of representation. As one theorist has argued, â€Å"In discussing Persepolis in relation to the theme of women and space, we will draw upon a framework suggested by Pollock for reading the work of women artists†¦Pollock refers to three spatial registers: first, the locations represented by the work (and, in particular, the division between public and private space); second, the spatial order within the work itself (concerning, for example, angl... ... and changed Western perceptions in doing so. Works Cited Gà ¶karÄ ±ksel, Banu and Anna Secor. The Veil, Desire, and the Gaze: Turning the Inside Out. Signs, 40, 1 (Autumn 2014): 177-200. Miller, Ann. â€Å"Marjane Satrapi’s Persepolis: Eluding the Frames.† Johns Hopkins University Press: L’Espirit Createur, Vol. 51, No. 1, Spring 2011: 38-52. Nnaemeka, Obioma. â€Å"Nego†Feminism: Theorizing, Practicing, and Pruning Africa’s Way.† Signs, Vol. 29, No. 2, Winter 2004, 357-385. Online. Satrapi, Marjane. The Complete Perspolis. New York: Pantheon Books, 2004. Print Satrapi, Marjane. â€Å"Why I wrote Persepolis: a graphical novel memoir: writer Marjane Satrapi faced the challenges of life in post-revolutionary Iran. She used the graphic novel format to tell her unique story.† Marjane Satrapi. Writing!, Nov-Dec, 2003, Vol.. 26(3), p. 9(5) Cengage Learning Inc.

Protestant Work Ethic

o Work Ethic Jenna Warmund Jenna Warmund Quest Professor Crump October 3, 2012 Not everything in life is a guarantee. If there is something you want in life I do believe that anything can be achieved with hard work and dedication. Therefore I do agree with the Protestant Work Ethic. The Protestant Work Ethic is said the belief that hard work leads to success (Rosenthal, Lisa, 2011). I think Black Like Me is a huge example of how hard work leads to success.After Griffin published this book there was a lot of backlash, but I do believe a lot of good has come from it. I think it has changed a lot of people perception on African Americans in the 1960’s. And I would say that this book was a success for Griffin. At one point in the book Griffin says, â€Å"When all the talk, all the propaganda has been cut away, the criterion is nothing but the color of skin. My experience proved that. They judged me by no quality. My skin was dark† (page 115).I think this just goes to show h ow much times have changed. Back then black people didn’t even think it was possible to become leaders or even achieve their dreams just because they were judged by the color of their skin. I am not saying that today it is completely easy for black people to achieve their dreams because I do think they still deal with challenges and discrimination, but it is nothing like it was back then. Eventually Griffin had had enough, all the challenges and emotions built up. â€Å"Suddenly I had had enough.Suddenly I could stomach no more of this degradation- not of myself but of all men who were black like me† (page 132). Griffin faced many challenges in this book. But he never gave up. Hard work leads to success. No one in today’s world became successful by just sitting around. If there’s something you want to achieve you have to go after it, even if you know from the beginning that you’re going to face strenuous challenges. In Black Like Me (Griffin 1960) there was an instance that disputed my belief of the Protestant Work Ethic.When John Howard Griffin stops to study a restaurant menu he realizes that just a few days ago he could have ordered anything he wanted but now he does not have that privilege. He then says â€Å"The Negro often dreams of things separated from him only by a door, knowing that he is forever cut off from experiencing them. † I disagree with the quote. It may have been that way back then, but now I think everyone has the equal opportunity to achieve anything to which they set their mind to.The book Black Like Me just goes to show that if there is something you are inspired about or have a dream that it is achievable. There may be challenges and obstacles that you come across but with hard work and dedication you will succeed. Work Reference Rosenthal, Lisa, (2011). Protestant work ethic's relation to intergroup and policy attitudes: A meta? analytic review. . European Journal of Social Psychology. Vol 41( 7) (e. g. 2), pp. pp. 874-885. Quizlet. (2012). Retrieved from http://quizlet. com/750335/black-like-me-quotes-flash-cards/

biological impoverishment

Nowhere on earth is the threat of biological impoverishment because of deforestation greater than in the Amazon Basin of South America. The Amazon supports approximately 300 million hectares of tropical forest, the largest single area of tropical forest communities in the world (Fig. 2). Estimates of global biodiversity point to the tropics as the source of 50 to 90% of all species on Earth (Wilson 1992); the richest forests often support over 300 tree species per hectare, approximately the same number of tree species in all of North America. Recent estimates of deforestation suggest that between 1 to 3 million hectares are being cleared annually in the Amazon Basin (Lawrence 1997; Fig. 3). Based on estimates of 1% annual tropical forest loss, the Amazon may be losing as many as 11 to 16 species per day (Wilson 1989), and the resulting ecosystems are often highly degraded (Buschbacher 1986). The deforestation of Amazonia presents a challenging study of the interactions among people, their values, and the environment. Is deforestation in the Amazon any different than what occurred in industrialized Europe and North America centuries past? Should Amazonians develop their lands as they see fit? Do peasant farmers actively clearing forests value their environment any differently than world conservation organizations, you, or I? What does the world stand to lose by watching the destruction of tropical forests? These are some of the most hotly debated environmental questions today, leading to several international conventions like the recent United Nations Convention on Biodiversity at the Rio de Janeiro "Earth Summit" in 1992. Factors leading to rapid tropical deforestation Why are tropical forests being cleared in the Amazon Basin at such an alarming rate? Historically, deforestation has been caused by the interaction of many factors, seven of which are presented here for simplici...

The Nature Of Man - Marxs Capital essays

The Nature Of Man - Marx's Capital essays Many people believe that issues affecting the world today are of no concern for our future generations. They do not dedicate themselves enough to sustaining the limited resources we have available. For example even though people are educated by the society around them and are warned that they should recycle and consume less energy they do not take any action. People understand that they need to use these limited resources wisely, however they do not do anything to solve the issue but only destroy the environment further. Because of this, our natural resources are slowly becoming depleted due to mans greed and power. For those who try to change the world they will not succeed if they are alone. Fixing the environment is not something one can do all alone, we need support from others but man is so greedy. We pretend to care but take no action when the time comes. We do not approve of long term goals; we want what we demand right away. The sole purpose of mans existence is to exploit both the natural and human resources which exist on this planet. (Marx, 1975) Our world is being destroyed gradually by pollution, chemical emissions, garbage dumps, and the misuse of our water supplies. In the future we may not have any natural resources left because of mans greed. We may use up what little resources we have now, and as a result ...man will exploit his physical environment by sucking dry the very resources which maintain his existence... (Marx, 1975) Because of mans greed, today the world is fighting for oil, it is the most valuable product in the economic industry, but soon this product will be wat er. People in future generations will fight for water the way in which they fight for oil today. The greenhouse effect will also be a huge factor if we do not control it now. We are destroying our world more than natural disasters are, and because of this fact man is the only source that affects its re...

Identifying a problem Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Identifying a problem - Assignment Example According to various research based articles that describes qualitative, descriptive as well as longitudinal analysis of obesity problem, the major causes of obesity include heavy smoking, poor eating habits and lack of body weight management strategies (Marchiondo, 2014). A number of statistical information also indicates that obesity is one of the leading disorders resulting into many death cases in many communities in the United States (Weiss, Weisser, & Salario, 2014). This is due to the fact that, one of the major problems affecting older nurses currently is the problem of obesity. Despite this, there are various interventions that can help in reducing the problem among the nurses (Marchiondo, 2014). A number of research studies also indicate that nurse’s proper regular exercise and healthy living lifestyle practices are very effective in controlling, reducing as well as preventing obesity and overweight cases among patients (Marchiondo, 2014). In that sense, those who involve in regular exercise are less likely to be affected by overweight as compared to those who lacked the motivation to involve in regular exercises and healthy living styles (Marchiondo, 2014). It is also important that those who are affected by obesity to involve in proper sleeping habits as well as healthy eating habits reduce the chances of obesity and overweight among them (Newman, 2009). Therefore, this paper will mainly discuss the problem of obesity increase and overweight challenges in various clinical conditions and environments in health care system industry in United States. The paper will also provide various impacts of obesity in relation to patient’s health care safety system. Finally, the paper will discuss a number of solutions that can be used to reduce the problem of obesity among health workers such as nurses in clinical institutions in the United States. The problem of obesity and overweight mainly originates from poor healthy habits resulting

Oral nutritional therapy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Oral nutritional therapy - Essay Example Body organs that are commonly affected by stress are the gastrointestinal tract, the adrenal glands, and the lympatic structures like spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes. Sometimes, deep ulcers may appear in the stomach lining. 1 The GAS can cause a wide range of physiologic responses to the stressor. Stressor stimulates the sympathetic nervous system which in turn, stimulates the hypothalamus. It is the hypothalamus that releases corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) that stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotropin (ACTH). At time of stress, adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine in response to sympathetic stimulation. Once the body responses to epinephrine, increased in myocardial contractility, bronchial dilation, increased blood clotting, increased in cellular metabolism, and increased in fat mobilization is likely to happen.2 skin. There are around 1000 different ailments that can occur. Psoriasis is one of the most common skin disorders. In a lot of cases, these skin disorders are resulted from allergies of bacterial, viral, or fungal infections.3 The skin determines whether a person is properly nourished or can be diagnosed as malnutrition. A person with good nutrition has a smooth, slightly moist, and is good in color skin. On the other hand, anyone who gets a poor nutrition has a rough, dry, scaly, pale, pigmented, irritated, and bruised skin. Psoriasis is a chronic, noninfectious, inflammatory disease of the skin wherein the production of the epidermal cells is about six (6) to nine (9) times faster than the normal rate. 4 For this reason, the normal event of the skin cell maturation and growth does not take place. Thus, the formation of normal layers that protects the skin is restricted. This type of skin disorder wherein there is an over production of keratin in the skin is hereditary. Stress and anxiety is known to trigger psoriasis. Other

The Franchise As A Form Of Business Organization Essay

The Franchise As A Form Of Business Organization - Essay Example The franchising concept allows people the ability to purchase a business concept from the franchise. There are lots of benefits associated with franchising. The first benefit is that the franchisee obtains the brand value of a company without having to invest years of marketing efforts to make the company popular. The franchisor is responsible for the marketing budget of the company. Big name franchises such as Burger King, Pizza Hut, and Taco Bell spend millions of dollars each year in advertising to attract customers to the establishments of its franchise owners. When a person purchases a franchise they receive full training on how to operate the business from the franchisor. McDonald’s provides training to its franchisees by sending them to Hamburger University. The franchisor also helps the franchise find a good location for its establishment. The person that buys a franchise gets access to the privileged intellectual property, special formulas, and trade secrets that the company holds. As part of the contract, the franchisee must be purchased the raw materials for its product from the franchisor. Since many franchises have thousands of establishments the matrix company is able to obtain economies of scale that are passed on to the franchise owners. This enables franchisees to have lower material costs than similar businesses competing in an industry. Buying a franchise lowers the overall business risk of starting a company. The person buying a franchise does not have to start a business from scratch. From the first day, the franchise opens the company has an established clientele base that desires the products and services that the franchise offers. Franchises have higher customer retention rates than independent stores. The franchisees receive managerial and administrative support from the corporate headquarters during the lifetime of the business.

Deviant Behavior Emergence Essay Example for Free

Deviant Behavior Emergence Essay Deviancy has been defined as the actual shift from a standard-norm conforming behavior towards a direct behavior alteration that is not accepted by society or viewed as unacceptable by the minor cultures. People who engage in defying acts are seen as having low self-control. They engage in many conventional behaviors, but due to low self-control, they are predisposed to committing deviancy if opportunities arise. This explanation explains all types of deviant behavior (Hunter Dantzker, 2005 p. 53). Deviant behaviors are deemed to arise out of environmental etiologies that stimulates the intrinsic character of an individual, which in the end, results to behavioral deviation. Such scenario is evident in specific events in life that most of the time due to adaptation and societal strain implicated in these deviating individuals (Holmes, Maahs Vito, 2007 p. 67). Discussion Adaptation is one of man’s greatest capacity and need in order to survive the ever-changing structure of the society. Such change causes strains through events or environmental stressors that facilitate as an alarm for adaptation to begin, which, consequently, cause deviancies (Hunter Dantzker, 2005 p. 153; Holmes, Maahs Vito, 2007 p. 77). Such causation is better explained by the theoretical angles of strain theory, which connotes the contribution of societal strain and pressure. The socio-cultural domain of every individual recognizes the absolute need to adapt to strains in order to progress to success or conditions of fulfillment (Siegel Senna, 2004 p. 14). Strain theory talks about the causation of crimes not directly because of strain but due to failure in tolerating these kinds of stimuli. They are both result of negative impregnation of environmental pressures that in the end leads the client vulnerable to breakdown (Holmes, Maahs Vito, 2007 p. 67-68). The theory suggests that a person performs acts of deviancy not because of attachments or relationships but rather because of the pressuring strain. In criminological perspective, the crime rates, according to this theory, justify the increased criminal persona in places wherein financial depression or extreme difficulties are present (Siegel Senna, 2004 p. 314). The last resort of the individuals is nothing but to commit crimes. In an example given, a person is ready to kill just to get the material possession that the person wants to acquire (Holmes, Maahs Vito, 2007 p. 67). In all cases, the behavior emerges from a sequence of structural conduciveness, structural strain, generalized beliefs, precipitating factors, mobilization for action, and the breakdown of social control. Structural strain is loosely defined as ambiguities, deprivations, conflicts, and discrepancies in social structure. If in case strain does provoke collective behavior (e. g. panic, crazes and fads) in the context of other determinants, deviant behaviors result, which involves a short-circuiting of levels of social action that gives it a crude, excessive, eccentric, or impatient quality (Snow, Soule and Kriesi, 2004 p. 50). Structural strain theory traces the origins of deviance to the tensions caused by the gap between cultural goals and the means people have to achieve these goals. In society, culture establishes goals for people; social structures provide, or fail to provide, the means for people to achieve those goals. If the means to achieve goals are out of balance, deviant behavior is the result (Andersen and Taylor, 2006 p. 174) In the United States, most people place a high value on the culturally valued goal of economic success and social mobility. Americans tend to believe that anyone can achieve success-that is, they believe that all people, regardless of the circumstances into which they are born, can achieve affluence and stature (Ferrante and Wallace, p. 37). In the case wherein, a depressed community is surrounding a person, significantly full of drug addicts and negative and influencers, a person still strives to obtain moral life in spite of community pressures and sociological influence. Let us say that this person has been given a good working opportunity as well as good family relationships, the person might still withstand the implicating strain imposed by the negative environment and progress to success (Kendall, 2006 p. 213). The driving force utilized by the individual is the positive reinforcement obtained from the home environment and/or the natural desire of the individual to succeed. It is very much justified by the state of mind involved and utilized by the individual, which provides the driving force and enables adaptation to stress (Holmes, Maahs Vito, 2007 p. 67; Kendall, 2006 p. 213). However, if the positive reinforcements break down and add up to strain, which consequently causes failure to succeed and adapt on the goals imposed, deviancy arise due to structural strain manifested in collective behaviors. Conclusion Every society presents every individual with varying stress, which involves internal and external stressors. Such conditions facilitate stress and act as the primary strain, which implicates the need for adaptation towards the implicating societal pressures. The study concludes that deviant behavioral patterns arise if such adaptive goals are not meant due to structural strain, which is evident among American society.

Critical Evaluation On ASP Net Computer Science Essay

Critical Evaluation On ASP Net Computer Science Essay ASP.net is a new technology and powerful web development language to build a web application much faster. Lately, we can always hear the news of ASP.net especially on the web developer sites. ASP.net is not only is the transformation from ASP, ASP.net can be said that is new era in the web development field. In this seminar, I will explain what is all about for ASP.net. First of all, I will briefly explain what ASP.NET is and what are the main differences between ASP.net and ASP classic version. Describe how efficiency of ASP.net that can achieve compared to ASP classic and what are the features that ASP classic cannot archive in the ASP.net Secondly, I will compared the different version of ASP.NET such as ASP.NET 1.x, ASP.NET 2.0 and ASP.NET 3.5. Among the different version of the ASP.NET, what and how much the improvement that latest version of ASP.net has bought it to us to develop a web application. I am also list out the advantages and disadvantages for the different version of ASP.net. On the other hand, I am also cover the topic for ASP.net AJAX which is developed by Microsoft. ASP.net AJAX is a extensions to ASP.net to implement the AJAX functionality. That means AJAX functionality added to ASP.net web application without writing the Javascript. Therefore, I will explain how ASP.net AJAX helps in the web development. Introduction of ASP.NET ASP.net is the new web programming tools from Microsoft. Why ASP.net is needed when the ASP classic version is working fine. ASP.net is not only is the next- era of ASP but it is a technology that improves much more than the ASP classic version and can increase the productivity. ASP.net is look similar to the ASP classic version if we not see the functions that ASP.net provided. Some of the features and items look very similar in the ASP classic. ASP.net allows us to use 2 type of the programming language which is C# or VB.net to write the web application in the easy way. It is also provide a huge range to let different background of the programmers can use ASP.net to build their web applications. ASP.net concept like Web Services, Server controls and web forms is a power features to build a real web application. What is ASP? ASP is known as Active Server Pages which is produced by Microsoft Team in the early of year 1990. Microsoft Active Server Pages (ASP) is allowed us to build dynamic and interactive web applications. ASP classic is easily to let web application link to database inside the web application. The web application created by ASP does not affect by using different type of the web browser. The file extension for ASP is .asp. Example: http://www.asp.com/test.asp. The default programming language to build ASP web site is using VBscript to buid, but it is support other programming languages like JSscript (JavaScript from Microsoft). But ASP.net allows web developer use either visual basic (VB) or ASP.net language to build the web applications. Compilation Process There are 2 type of compilation that available which is pre-compiled code and interpreted code. Pre-compiled code Pre-compiled code is mean when the web developers are finish writing the code. Before start to use the code, the code is completely compiled. So, pre-compiled code is only need to compile once. It will make the performance is much faster. Pre-compiled is Machine dependence. Interpreted Code Interpreted Code compilation process is totally different from Pre-compiled code. That is because interpreted code will only compiled the coding when there have user to request the web pages and it compiled while the execution time is. Interpreted code compilation will only compiled the code when there is any request from the user. So, the performance will slower than Pre-compiled code. Interpreted code is machine independence. .Net solves the problem by using a two-step process for compilation The 2 step of the compilation is common intermediate language (CIL) and common language runtime (CLR). .Net is compiled all the code to CIL. Then change it to become machine independent language (CLR). The CLR is to execute the web application code. When the web developers write a web application with the programming language such as VB .NET or C#, the web application source code will not compiled into machine code directly. Instead, the VB or C# compiler will convert the web application source code into another language called as MSIL (Microsoft Intermediate Language) or CIL (Common Intermediate Language). CIL is quite similar to object-oriented assembly language. CIL is a platform-independent language. This is because when execute or running a web application, CIL code will only compiled the source code into machine code. The entire web application is not compiled from CIL into machine code. Instead, the methods will only be called or executed while the code is compiling. Actually the .NET Framework will only understands one language which is MSIL or CIL. However, the web developers can write a web application by using Visual Studio which provides the languages such as .NET and C#. Because Visual Studio.NET Framework consist the compilers for these languages that enable web developers to compile their code into CIL . The web developers can write code for the .NET Framework using any one of dozens of different languages, including Caml, COBOL, JavaScript, PHP, Small Talk, PERL, Oberon, Ada, Apl, Eiffeel and more. Below the diagram is to explain how the CIL and CLR work in the .Net framework. First of all, the web developers using different type of programming languages to write their web application. After that, the code is compiled using their own compiler to convert into Common Language Infrastructure. .Net compatible language compile to a second platform-neutral language called Common Immediate Language (CIL). After the Common Language Runtime compiles the CIL to machine readable code that can be executed on the current platform. What is Web server? Web servers are the tool that can manage web application that built by the web developers and make all the web application available to the client web browser. It can success connected through a local network or over the Internet (two different machines or same machine). While there are many Web servers available which one of the common ones is Apache, Internet Information Services (IIS), and iplanet Enterprise Server. (DotNetNuke, 2009) To test or run ASP.NET Web applications, you need a Web server Internet Information Services (IIS) IIS Web server comes bundled with Windows 2000, Windows XP Professional, and Windows Server 2003. UltiDev Cassini Web Server ASP.NET Development Server How does ASP work? An ASP page is stored at server-side. So, client cannot simply view an ASP page on the web browser. They need to request the ASP page through the web server which is supports for ASP. When a client request an ASP page through the web browser, the web server will locates the ASP file on the hard drive and interpret it. After that, it will remove all the ASP Script and replace them with HTML Text. Below is the diagram: (picture 1) This is the ASP script for a page called HelloWord.asp Web server locates the ASP file and replace with HTML text and send back to the web browser. Problem with ASP Classic ASP is using html controls to interact with the user. Although ASP is having few good functions to build web application, it still not perfect yet to satisfy web developer in some of the areas. For example, ASP needs to code all the things in a single web page including the functions and interface. It is not very convenience when need to modify or update some of the data on the web page. Besides that, another disadvantages using ASP classic to build web page is lack of the performance and scalability, which means the web page that built by ASP classic will not auto fix the web pages with the web browser. The layout of the web page will out of the margin and the content cannot show as what web developer have designed for. How does ASP.net work? Think of ASP.NET web pages as normal HTML pages that have sections marked up for special consideration. When .NET is installed, IIS Web server on the local machine will automatically to check for files with the extension .aspx and it will use the ASP.NET module that have a a file called aspnet_isapi.dll to handle them. First of all, the client requests the web page from the web server. Then the web server started to locates the instruction file. Meanwhile, the ASP.net code is sent to the Common Language Runtime for compilation. After that, the HTML stream returned to the web browser. After the web browser get the HTML code. It will processes the HTML code and display the content of the page to the client. ASP.NET compared with ASP Classic Now, I will differentiate the asp version between ASP.net and ASP classic. What are the changes in ASP.net instead of the ASP classic and what is the improvement from ASP classic. Besides, I am also focus on what are the new features in ASP.net. First of all, the mainly ASP.net difference from ASP classic is ASP.net is ASP.net is support more language for scripting. For example, Asp.net supports visual basic language, C#, C++, Jscript and ADO.net as well. Support multiple languages will getting more web developer choose ASP.net as their first choice to develop a web page and web applications and let different background programmer can work together by using a same application. Besides, there are few points to compare between ASP.net and ASP classic. One of the aspects is compilation. ASP classic is built up by Jscript and it only interpreted the Script line by line when the page is requested. Moreover, ASP.net compilation is totally different with ASP classic. ASP.net is automatically compiling all the code while the code is first time executed. The compiled code will store inside .NET classes within assembly. .NET classes are including the server-side coding and HTML code. So, when ASP.NET page is executed for first time, the compiled code will store inside the .NET classes. Next time will render the ASP.net page by execute the compiled code that has created. The performance for ASP.net will be increased because there are no longer like the ASP classic has the difference between the compiled code and the coding within the server-side languages within asp web page. ASP.net performance is faster due to the compiled code but ASP classic is using the scripting languages like VBScript. VBScript is representing to machine code and did not require any additional parsing. That is why web developer is preferred to use ASP.net instead of using ASP classic. On the other hand, the difference between ASP.net and ASP classic is the scalability factor. For ASP classic, the components inside the web pages are not easy to update, replace and maintain it. If want to update particular component, IIS is required to shut down then only can successfully replace or update the component. After done all the modification, IIS need to restart once.( Neel Sus. 2009). For ASP.net, it was different with ASP classic which it is scalable and easy to do modification on the web pages. The term of Xcopy command is used to build an efficiency ASP.net web application page. The Xcopy term is to copy a file to another location. It is allow to do the modification without need of restart of web server. The web developer can do the changes on the web application and no web server restart is required to take effect. It will direct take effect once the web application is requested.(Bean Software. 2002). Advantages of using ASP.NET After compared the version between ASP.net and ASP classic, here is some of the advantages of using ASP.net. ASP.net has reduced the need of code to build a web application; it required lesser code to build a large web application. This will help web developer save time, and more efficiency to build a large web application. Another new feature from ASP.net which does not include in ASP classic is the authentication function. Authentication is the processes to obtain and validate the information that provide by user are valid or not. If it is valid, the user will get the authorization and the authorization process will check the user whether have permission to access the particular resources on the web pages. It will increase the security of the web application and make sure all the user information is secured and not grab by someone. (MSDN. 2010). Besides that, ASP.net file extension is .aspx and it has a code behind page which is .aspx.cs. The difference between .aspx and .aspx.cs is .aspx is the interface for the web application. It stored all the html coding and some of the C# language label for some of the particular components. Meanwhile, aspx.cs is a place to let web developer to code all the functionality for the button, and the business logic on that page. Moreover, ASP.net is server-side technology. It means all ASP.net coding is executed and compiled on the server side before it send it back to the web browser. Below is the example of code behind on aspx.cs: The ASP classic need to code a web application coding inside a same page including the HTML and the function code. It will become messy if web develop wanted to do the modification on the web pages. It need take some time to analyze the code first before doing any modification. (Steve Kozyk. 2008). The disadvantages of using ASP.NET One of the main disadvantages of using ASP.net application is it only support on Windows platform. That means other based Operating System is not allowed to use ASP.net to develop their web application. The limitation of the ASP.net will make some of the web developer abandon to use ASP.net to develop their web application and choose other more appropriate application to develop their web application such as PHP support in any platforms. ASP.net 1.x compared with ASP.net 2.0 We move to the next topic which is the comparison between ASP.net 1.x and ASP.net 2.0. ASP.net 1.x release on year 2002-2003 and ASP.net 2.0 is released on year 2005. Firstly, we compared the compilation models for this 2 version. ASP.net 1.x will only automatically compile few files such as asp page (.aspx), user control, http handler, web services and Global.asax class files. Others file that not automatically compile, web developer need to compile the rest of the files before publish the web application to the web server. ASP.net 2.0 has increase the efficiency in the compilation process. ASP.net 2.0 will automatically compile the file types that include asp page file (.aspx), asp and asp page behind code (.cs). So, the web developer only need to create the web application and publish it. ASP.net 2.0 have a folder called App_Code which can keep the helper classes, business object inside but cannot put the asp pages (.aspx), Global.asax and other non-code files. ASP.net 2.0 will compile elements inside the App_Code folder and name as code.dll. In ASP.net 1.x, when the web developer need to do the modification on the web application, they need to open the entire project file do modify and update it. After done the modification, they need to compile the entire project and publish it to web server again. But ASP.net 2.0 allows web developer just open the particular file that wants to modify. After done the modification, web developer just need to publish the file code to the web server and no need to recompile. In ASP.net 1.x, the code behind page of web application are require an IIS virtual directory to run and the IIS is require to store inside the local computer which used to develop the web application. ASP.net 2.0 code behind page can access the local host IIS directly and the IIS has store inside the web server. In ASP.net 1.x, the procedure to process the web application page is send the client request to the web server. First, the Init event is called. After that, called the Load event by the PreRender event is called net. Lastly, the Unload event is called and the generate output will sent it back to the client. In ASP.net 2.0 has added few new attributes. The attributes will help web developers to have a control for the new framework features which is theming and personalization. Besides, ASP.net 2.0 Page class has provided new method, event, and properties. The 3 important script for the properties is ClientScript, Header.IPageHeader and Master. There are 3 new important methods such as GetValidators, setFocus, and RegisterRequiresControlState. In ASP.net 2.0, there are few new events implements. First, PreInit is called before initial the web page. Then, InitComplete will be occur when the page is completely initial. Next, the PreLoad event is called immediately after the InitComplete event and before the web page begin to load. The LoadComplete event will occur after the page is load complete at the end. Last, PreRenderComplete event is occur and this event will store personalize data and page HTML is rendered. Web developers can use all these events to build up their web application in a dynamic way. Summary After compared the version between ASP.net 1.x and ASP.net 2.0. ASP.net 1.x is unable to open a particular page not inside the project but ASP.net 2.0 can modify particular page without open the entire project. We can know that the code behind pages is a efficiency way to write all the functions, logic to make the web development process become more efficiency and effectiveness. As the conclusion, ASP.net 2.0 has added more features to increase the performance and the secure of data. (Benoy Baskaran. 2006). ASP.net 3.0 compared with ASP.NET 3.5 The ASP.net 3.0 is using a base of the ASP.net 2.0 but there are added several of the new features on it such as Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF), Windows Communication Foundation (WCF), Windows Workflow Foundation (WF) and Windows CardSpace (WCS). First of all, The Windows Presentation Foundation is one of the interface sub-system using at windows. Windows Presentation Foundation has using the Windows function like create, view and manage of the files, media and user interface (UI). Because it will make the web developers can create the more attractive, better impression on the interface and the different use experience on it. Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) is built with 2 important parts which is display engine and the framework. The mainly function is to build the 3D graphic and use the Direct3D technology. Next, Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) or name as Indigo. It is a service-oriented communication system. It has all the current .Net features like .Net remoting, ASMX,WSE and MSMQ. The WCF is built on the version of the .net Framework 2.0 and above. It also is a core of the Windows Vista. Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 operating system also support once install the WinFX Runtime Components. Besides, Windows Workflow Foundation is the next features on the ASP.net 3.0. It is a new workflow development on the .net Framework. Windows Workflow Foundation include the namespace, workflow engine for Visual Studio 2005. It support in Windows XP, vista and Windows server 2003 as well. Lastly, Windows CardSpace (WCS) is an application that stored the user information in a more secure way and in digital form. It has provide a unify interface to select which identity need to use for transaction. For example, use an identity to login to a specify website. As the conclusion of ASP.net 3.0 is a combination of ASP.net 2.0 and Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF), Windows Communication Foundation (WCF), Windows Workflow Foundation (WF) and Windows CardSpace (WCS). (Mnaveenrao. 2009). What is new in ASP.net 3.5 After we view the new features of ASP.net 3.0, let us see what other new features that will be added in ASP.net 3.5. ASP.net 3.5 is implementing inside the Visual Studio 2008 and it released on year 2007. The ASP.net 3.5 is using the same engine in the ASP.net 3.0 and it has added new features in it. So, let check out what are the new features in ASP.net 3.5. First of all, one of the new features that added inside the ASP.net 3.5 is the ASP.net AJAX. Although ASP.net 2.0 can use the features of the ASP.net AJAX, it still needs to install the extension to ASP.net 2.0 and ASP.net 3.0 only can successfully use the features. It is totally different which ASP.net AJAX is integrated in ASP.net 3.5. So, it is help web developers to build a better quality user interface easily. (Suprotim Agarwal. 2009) Next features that added in the ASP.net 3.5 is LINQ. LINQ (Language-Integrated Query) is to display the query that capability to the programming language such as C# and VB.net. The format of query in LINQ is something like the format of SQL. It is contains Select, From and Where keywords which have the same functions in the SQL. Here is the example of LINQ. Int Rental = from house in Rent where rental > 100 select house; ASP.net AJAX have added several new controls that can easily to call a control that can link to the datasource. The first new control is called ListView. ListView control is consist of some of the features like can show the result of the datasource in different view such as Datagrid, Gridview, repeater and the controls that available in ASP.net 3.0. It allows web developers have the ability to insert data, edit data, delete data, sorting the data. These controls are flexible because the web developers can design how the data present the result. After view the features of ASP.net AJAX, ASP.net 3.5 is added few new assemblies like System.Core.dll, System.Data.Linq.dll and System.xml.Linq.dll is an assembly to implementation for LINQ. System.Web.Extensions.dll is the implementation for ASP.net AJAX. ASP.net 3.5 allow different version of ASP.net store on the same computer. Security in ASP.net Securing an ASP.NET application requires a clear understanding of all the security options provided in ASP.NET, and show how the security subsystems interact each other. Since ASP.NET is built on the Microsoft .NET Framework, the web application developers will has the full access to the full set of the built-in security features inside the Visual Studio .NET. For example, the code access security and role-based user-access security. It is important to know how the different security subsystems interact each other and how it will be able to make the web application more secure. Before web developers configure the security for the web application, they need to configure the web application to implement the two security function that described in the following table. Security function Description Authentication It is a process of getting identification credentials from a user such as name and password, and to validate those credentials against some authority. Authorization It is a process to control the access to the resources regarding on the authenticated identification credentials ( such as role ). ASP.NET achieves the authentication security function by using the authentication providers, the security modules consist the code that able to authenticate the user credentials. To enable authentication security function in ASP.NET web application, the web developers need to create an authentication section entry first in the application root configuration file. The authentication session syntax are showing below: Using ASP.NET Configuration Files ASP.NET configuration file is written in a hierarchical structure format. Web.config is a file to store all the configuration data for the ASP.net web application. It also contain another file called Machine.config which is store configuration information as well. Web.config file and other web application files is located under same directory. But Machine.config file is located in the install root directory. All the sub-directory will inherit all the settings in the directory unless it has overridden by the Web.config file which located in the sub-directory. In Web.config file, it contains all the ASP.net functionality in the section. The Web.config file is written as below: In the web.config configuration file, it is contains 3 sub-sections which are authentication, authorization, and identity. The values that set for these 3 section configuration file is to overriding the configuration file in the application root. All sub-directory will inherit those settings automatically. However, sub-directory can have their own web.config file that override the directory web.config settings. Besides, the web developers may use the syntax to specify a particular file or directory. Critical Evaluation on ASP.net After the evaluation of the ASP.net, we can know that there are a lot of changes and improvement that involve in the latest ASP.net version. But there are still got competitor in the web development field. There are still got another language and platform to let web developers to choose their favorite web development tools to build their web application. One of the competitors for ASP.net is PHP. Introduction of PHP PHP is stands for Hypertext Preprocessor. PHP is open source language and it is a cross-platform because it compatibility with different operating system such as Windows, Unix system. PHP is a scripting language to build dynamic web site and it is run at the server-side. The PHP syntax is similar with the language of C, Java and Perl. So, it will help web developers build their web application efficiency and quickly. PHP allows web developer write the simple PHP syntax in HTML files directly, it can done this by eliminating the need of cgi programs. Moreover, PHP make web developers easy to supervise to the large web application by put all the components inside one html file. For example, when creating the catalogue for online trading web site, the web developers must have to design all the design templates for all the catalogues web pages. In the early day, the web page design is written in the html format and shows all the data by using different type of design templates. In PHP, is only need one application to build all the web application pages that link to the database in the appropriate pages, correct location and related content. This is to avoid any redundancy web pages is created and easy to maintain and manage the web application. As we know, PHP is a cross-platform scripting language. So, we not only can use the PHP code to build web application, but it can use all the PHP libraries and all the code written in PHP. One of the big features in PHP is it supports for numerous databases such as Oracle, MSSQL, MS Access and others. Besides, it is support networking, zip and consist a set of built-in functions. IT is free to download from the PHP website by everyone. PHP is a language easy to learn because most of syntax is similar to language C. In my opinion, I think that ASP.net performance is higher than PHP. That is why I choose ASP.net as the web development tool in my project. ASP.net application is developed using Visual Studio which produced by Microsoft. It is easy to build the web application interface and component easily added in the web application. It makes the coding part for the web application is much simpler and development more productivity. Although PHP is an open source scripting language for all the web developers, it does not have own web development tool to build their web application. They need to use third party software to implement their PHP concept and coding inside. Some of the third party software like Adobe Dreamweaver is one of the software that can write PHP scripting language. Although there are free to charge in use of PHP scripting language, but some of the third party software may need to buy license to continue use for web development. So, it also needs to cause the cost of web development increased. Besides, Visual Studio .NET is provides a huge of features to make the web development easier. Web developers also provide students to download a free scaled down Visual Studio version which can provide better features. The features that come with the PHP is lesser and it was very simple features that use to build web application. It will make web developers have the limitation to build their web application. However, there are a lot of add-ons which available on the internet for web developers to download. With the PHP add-ons, it will make the PHP has some same function inside the Visual Studio. It is very troublesome to ask PHP web developers download the add-ons one by one and implement to PHP. It will waste a lot of efforts and time to download and install the add-ons. . For example, AJAX is not built in in PHP, web developers need to download themselves. So, ASP.net is better than PHP which the Visual Studio will come with a full set of the features that need to use in web development. It will make the web development process running smoothly and more productivity. On the other hand, Jasir Javaz (2010) noted that PHP getting a huge support from the web developers. This is because the PHP is an open source and it is free to everyone. Besides, PHP version 5 has provide many object oriented development concepts to the web developers to build their web application in a better way. It will make the structure of the web application and the coding is easy to implement each others. In ASP.net, it is different with PHP which is has better languages support. ASP.net able to let different language background web developers use Visual Studio.Net to build their own web application. The supported languages for ASP.net got VB.net, C#, J#, C++, COBAL. PHP is run on Apache server and Apache also is an open source. ASP.net is run on IIS which is Internet Information Services. The benefits of using ASP.net are the user interface design and application coding part is separated to 2 parts. So, it is easy to let web developers to focus on design the overall web application interface. Besides, the code-behind pages also easy to manage and update if there have any changes or any new logic need to implement in it. So, ASP.net is more user friendly in use to design a web application design. This is one the reason I choose ASP.net in my project. It is not only provide more features and it is easy to let me design the web application interface and easy to manage and update. As the conclusion, there are a lot of factors and reasons to make a web developer choose their own web development tool. A web developer chooses the suitable web application tools will make their more understanding on the application and use specialize programming language. Summary PHP is an open source and free to everyone. PHP also work on Linux OS which is open source as well. Using Linux OS, the performance will be higher, more secure than using Windows. It is low cost for whole web development. PHP is easy to learn especially for the beginners because the scripting language is similar to language C. ASP.net is an powerful which full set of the features that easy to build up an efficiency and effectiveness web application. ASP.net is using the pre-compiled concept which I have mentioned above. Better programming language support and easy design for user interface and code-behind. Conclusion As the conclusion, I f