Mendels Peas and Hawkweeds :: Heredity Genes Mendel Research Essays

Mendel's Peas and Hawkweeds Works Cited Missing Many Scientists have contributed to the field of genetics. Yet the groundwork for today's modern genetics can be found in the work done by one man, Gregor Mendel. While there were many scientists who tried to answer the same questions before him, none were able to come to the successful conclusions he did. Before Mendel's experiments, many other theories had been in place to answer the questions about why we look like our parents. Many of these beliefs were myths, and the true reasons behind heredity were not sought, because creation was the belief of the majority of people. Some of these beliefs include "'The preformation theory"' (Bowler, 2), in which it was believed that "the embryo grew from a perfectly formed miniature already present in the mother's womb ( or the father's sperm)." (Bowler, 2) Another theory was that of "'blending inheritance' in which the offspring's characters were always intermediate between those of its parents." (Bowler, 3) It was in the time of these theories that Mendel did his work, which was dismissed as stated in the story. Mendel was a monk who taught in the monastery, and he did his experiments in the garden outside the monastery while teaching as said in the book. His main focus was on the garden pea, Pisum sativum. One peculiarity of pea reproduction is that the petals of the flower close down Tightly, preventing pollen grains from entering or leaving. This enforces a system of self-fertilization, in which sperm and eggs from a particular flower Unite with each other to produce seeds. As a result, individual pee strains are Highly inbred, displaying little, if any genetic variation from one generation to The next. Because of this uniformity, we say that such strains are true-breeding. ( Snustad, 42) In his experiments, Mendel tested many different traits. Among them were the following traits and the frequencies each appeared in: Mendel was successful in his experiments, because he tested one trait at a time, as compared to other scientists who tried to follow multiple traits. This is what allowed him to be successful, although with what we know now, it is easier to follow many traits at a time. In his first set of experiments, he crossed tall varieties with dwarf varieties. To do this, He carefully removed the anthers from one variety before its pollen had matured and then applied pollen from the other variety to the stigma.

Leadership in Virgin Group Company History

Virgin Group is a diversified grouping of more than 200 privately held companies. The largest of these are Virgin Atlantic Airways, the number two airline in the United Kingdom; Virgin Holidays, a vacation tour operator; Virgin Rail, the second largest U. K. train operator; the Virgin Retail Group, which operates numerous Virgin Megastores, a retail concept featuring videos, music CDs, and computer games; and Virgin Direct, which offers financial services. Other Virgin businesses include beverage maker Virgin Cola, a record label, book and music publishing operations, hotels, an Internet service provider, movie theaters, a radio station, cosmetics and bridal retailing concepts, and a line of clothing. Holding this disparate group of companies together is the combination of Richard Branson and the Virgin brand name. British entrepreneur Branson dropped out of boarding school at the age of 17, in 1967, to start his own magazine. That venture was an immediate success, establishing the foundation for what would become a multibillion-dollar conglomerate during the 1990s. Along the way, Branson would attain cult status in his home country–the result of his business exploits quests for adventure, and unique personal style. The Virgin brand had meantime become, according to the company, one of the top 50 brands in the world by the late 1990s; a poll of British consumers at that time showed that 96 percent had heard of Virgin. Key Questions Q1. Given the freewheeling style of Branson and his managers, do you think that the virgin enterprises can be classified as a TQ organization? Why or why not? Yes I believe that virgin enterprises can be classified as a TQ organization because virgin is very successful group, their products are of high quality they focus on improving the quality all the time as improvement is the continuous process. Virgin has expanded their business a lot. Virgin has a great team of management they are very passionate and devoting to their work. Branson s moves reflected the immense growth and complexity of Virgin Group. Brans on always focus on caring people he do not have hard and fast rules but still he possess a large number of brands under one group Virgin. Q2. How well do you think that Branson and his managers perform the strategic planning process? What are some indicators that they do or not do strategic planning? Branson and his managers are performing strategic planning very well. they are fulfilling their objectives as their objectives were y y y y y y y Expansion internationally To lead the entertainment industry Increase the profit and for the sake of good reputation Quality improvement Competitive edge Utilization of new technology Loyalty among customers Virgin group have used diversification as their business is expanding very quickly and they are entering into new diversified markets. Some indications are y Virgin Atlantic air line is the good indicator as Branson was having a competitive edge because they were offering a luxury package and at low price while the competitors were charging high price with poor quality. Management was focusing on innovative plans so that they can meet customer expectations and satisfaction. y Q. 3How well do you think that Branson and his managers perform managerial and leadership tasks? How might these tasks be better balance? Richard Branson is very famous for his innovative, competitive and risky style of leadership. He adds value to his products in order to diversify his business. His leadership style is charismatic he creates the very friendly environment over work place and avoids strictness. Everybody was the part of organization and any one can participate in order to bring innovativeness rather just to follow orders. Top management encourages and motivates employees to obtain the best of their abilities and the best reward for the company. As the company benefit in other words is individual benefit. Benifits are meant for all members of organization so that everyone is motivated to do their jobs and tasks then be better balanced. The idea behind this is to promote the philosophy that the overall benefit of the company will lead to individual benefits for each person involved. Group contribution will eventually lead to rewards for executives, managers, employees, shareholders, and customers alike. Q4. What leadership theory do you think best fits the senior leadership of the virgin company? What theory best fit the Branson as leader? Why might there be a difference? Richard Branson is the born leader he is charismatic leadership style because he can influence any one very easily. Transformational leadership comes from the top managers and executives within the company. Leading is perhaps the most interesting and important function of management to the Virgin Group. The leadership dynamics start with Chairman Richard Branson. He is a very vocal and flamboyant leader. His mission is to inspire those who work below him to work to the best of their abilities for the good of the company. He often pushes his belief that by contributing to the good of the company it will increase the rewards for everybody involved. He has stated that he tries to bring the best out of people and does this for workers at the lowest levels as well as the top ranking executives. This philosophy is encouraged to all managers within the company. Management is expected to embrace this principle and pass it on to the employees that they are managing. Another aspect of Branson s leadership style is that he tends to give people a high level of freedom in their work . It is his goal to first give them direction in their work, and then let them take control of the situation there after. Freedom in their work allows them to excel without the need for micromanagement. Richard Branson s leadership style and vision for the company has made him the center of attention within many business and management discussions throughout the world.

The Relationship Between Economic And Urban Form - 1362 Words

The relationship between Economic and Urban Form A Case Study of Russia Economic History of Russia The Russian economy and the rest of the Soviet Union was operated on the basis of centrally planned economy for almost over 60 years. It functioned with a state control over nearly all means of production, investment, consumption and production decisions throughout the economy. The policy under economy was made according to directives from the Communist Party, which was known to control all aspects of economic activity. In the early 1990s, after the decline of Communism, Russia experienced difficulties in switching from a centrally planned economy to a market based economy. Under the leadership of Joseph Stalin during the period of 1987, five year plan and annual plans were the chief mechanisms that the Soviet government used in order to translate economic policies into programs. Minor modifications were made between 1953 and 1987. Relying on these policies, the State Planning Committee (Gosudarstvennyy planovyy komitet- Gosplan) formulated countrywide output targets for specific planning periods. These targets were then refined by the regional planning bodies for economic units such as the state industrial enterprises, collective farms and state farms. Each of these bodies had their own stipulated output plan. Central planning functioned on the supposition that if each unit met or exceeded its plan, then the demands and the supply would balance out one another. Just likeShow MoreRelatedEssay Urban Planning1050 Words   |  5 Pagessimilar economic structure and social interests (Sassen, 2001). The observer to these cities will notice the common characteristics are much more than differences (Clark, 1996). Many recent studies recognize this phenomenon. One of the important studies that examines and analyses this phenomenon was carried out by Clark (1996). 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The mean, S.D., t-test and co-efficient of correlat ion was used for arriving at conclusions. The hypothesis of the study framed were, there is no significant sex difference in the academic achievement of primary school children, there is no rural urban difference in academic achievement of primary school children. The findings of the study points out that, Socio-economic status isRead MoreThe Metropolis Effect On Individuality1315 Words   |  6 PagesThe Metropolis effect on Individuality According to Georg Simmel in â€Å"The Metropolis and Mental State†, the dominant economic system, the pressure to maintain independence and individuality, and the overwhelming stimulation an individual experiences in the metropolis, not only has an effect on the individual’s psyche but on their interactions with other metropolitan individuals. Simmel’s views on the effect money economy, ideas of capitalist competition, and division of labor has on individuality