The Relationship Between Economic And Urban Form - 1362 Words

The relationship between Economic and Urban Form A Case Study of Russia Economic History of Russia The Russian economy and the rest of the Soviet Union was operated on the basis of centrally planned economy for almost over 60 years. It functioned with a state control over nearly all means of production, investment, consumption and production decisions throughout the economy. The policy under economy was made according to directives from the Communist Party, which was known to control all aspects of economic activity. In the early 1990s, after the decline of Communism, Russia experienced difficulties in switching from a centrally planned economy to a market based economy. Under the leadership of Joseph Stalin during the period of 1987, five year plan and annual plans were the chief mechanisms that the Soviet government used in order to translate economic policies into programs. Minor modifications were made between 1953 and 1987. Relying on these policies, the State Planning Committee (Gosudarstvennyy planovyy komitet- Gosplan) formulated countrywide output targets for specific planning periods. These targets were then refined by the regional planning bodies for economic units such as the state industrial enterprises, collective farms and state farms. Each of these bodies had their own stipulated output plan. Central planning functioned on the supposition that if each unit met or exceeded its plan, then the demands and the supply would balance out one another. Just likeShow MoreRelatedEssay Urban Planning1050 Words   |  5 Pagessimilar economic structure and social interests (Sassen, 2001). The observer to these cities will notice the common characteristics are much more than differences (Clark, 1996). Many recent studies recognize this phenomenon. One of the important studies that examines and analyses this phenomenon was carried out by Clark (1996). In his book Urban World / Global City, he presents an analytical comprehensive overview of the world as global city. He attributes this phenomenon to economic motivesRead MoreAnxious Wealth : Money And Morality Among China s New Rich Essay1588 Words   |  7 PagesOne: Urban ethnography book review. Anxious Wealth: Money and Morality Among China’s New Rich, by John Osburg Main argument: 507 Anxious Wealth is an ethnographic book that explores the background networking strategies of Chengdu’s powerful elite group of entrepreneurs, professionals, and government officials. Themes covered include recreational habits such as gambling, banqueting, drinking, uniting with female hostesses, and a range of other unexpectedly significant facets of relationships thatRead MoreAboriginal Self Government : Aboriginal People1633 Words   |  7 Pagesidentities, traditions, languages and institutions, and with respect to their special relationship to their land and resources. (Cite here) There are legal and constitutional reasons to negotiate land claim and self-government agreements, but social justice is another important reason. A major theme in the recommendations of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples is that we need to change the relationship between Aboriginal peoples and the federal, provincial and territorial governments. The settlementRead MoreEssay on Critical Commentary on Urban Sustainability1704 Words   |  7 Pagesgovernment and public spheres. This form of development seeks to balance current environmental, social and economic needs of the population, â€Å"without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs† (World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987, 43). Used interchangeably with ‘sustainability’ (Seghezzo, 2009), the concept has been fastened to a plethora of themes, including that of cities where ‘urban sustainability’ speaks to negligent urban expansion and resource depletionRead MoreSustainability Is Not Only Environmental Problem Essay1054 Words   |  5 Pagesrelative with social and economic issues in the modern cities. As a result, in order to provide a sustainable living environment for the future generations and ourselves, the urban sustainability should be considered significantly as important part of urban planning. In the past years, the questi on about how to achieve sustainable development has been discussed by planners and theorists all over the world. Actually a variety of approaches to assess the sustainability of urban development have been raisedRead MoreDurkheim And Weber Classical Theories Essay1117 Words   |  5 Pagescities? The social theories that I find particularly insightful in the study of cities are the Durkheim and Weber classical theories. Durkheim’s theory argues that societies are held together by social cement known as collective consciousness, which forms a moral basis of team spirit. In contrast, the emergent society is characterized by change, complexity and demands division of labor among individuals in the society. According to Durkheim, complex societies gave rise to social interactions or moralRead MorePolitical Economy And Urban Development Essay1500 Words   |  6 Pagesrapid economic growth and significant progress in social development despite many other problems. The enviable GDP growth and many other social and environmental successes have gained until now. But still Dhaka is one of the least livable cities in the world. Political economy and urban planning both are complex and people and state oriented. Before discussing about the political economy of urban development p rocess it is necessary to clear the concept of political economy and the economic systemRead MoreThe Between Democracy, Its Processes, And Policing Are Well Established Across A Wide Variety Of Academic Disciplines1562 Words   |  7 PagesThe connections between democracy, its processes, and policing are well established across a wide variety of academic disciplines. Political scientists and economists have developed a literature discussing the various forms police forces take and their positions within certain regime types. Separate from theory regarding democratization and security, like Sklansky’s (2005) work, a great deal of scholarly papers have been written regarding riots and civil disruption. For example, Gunning (1972)Read MoreEducational Attainment And Parental Support1486 Words   |  6 Pagesrural and urban schools. The target sample consisted of 3000 Children from rural schools and 1000 from urban schools. The mean, S.D., t-test and co-efficient of correlat ion was used for arriving at conclusions. The hypothesis of the study framed were, there is no significant sex difference in the academic achievement of primary school children, there is no rural urban difference in academic achievement of primary school children. The findings of the study points out that, Socio-economic status isRead MoreThe Metropolis Effect On Individuality1315 Words   |  6 PagesThe Metropolis effect on Individuality According to Georg Simmel in â€Å"The Metropolis and Mental State†, the dominant economic system, the pressure to maintain independence and individuality, and the overwhelming stimulation an individual experiences in the metropolis, not only has an effect on the individual’s psyche but on their interactions with other metropolitan individuals. Simmel’s views on the effect money economy, ideas of capitalist competition, and division of labor has on individuality